The Pituitary Gland or hypophysis is a very small gland located at the base of the brain. This gland is also known as the “Master Gland” – as it controls the working of the other glands. It is no larger than a pea, weighs less than a gram, and can be divided into three parts :
1) Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis)
2) Intermediate Lobe
3) Posterior Lobe (Neurohypophysis)
The pituitary gland is found in all vertebrates, but its structure varies between different groups. There is an analogous structure in the octopus brain.
Following are the major hormones secreted by this gland and the functions they control :
* Human Growth Hormone – Multiple functions.
* Prolactin – Stimulates milk production.
* ACTH – Stimulates the Adrenal glands.
* TSH – Stimulates the Thyroid gland.
* FSH – Stimulates the ovaries in females and testes in males.
* LH – Same as FSH.
* Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone – Controls skin colour.
* ADH – Increases absorption of water in blood by kidneys.
* Oxytocin – Contacts uterus during childbirth and stimulates milk production.
Proper working of the Pituitary Gland ensures a good endocrine system. Will cover the disorders of the Pituitary Gland in another post soon.
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Prolactin is a hormone made by the pituitary gland.
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